What is a factor in algebra?

In algebra, a factor refers specifically to a number or an expression that is multiplied by another number or expression to obtain a product. For instance, in the multiplication statement 3 × 4 = 12, both 3 and 4 are considered factors of the product 12. This definition encompasses both numerical factors (such as integers) and algebraic expressions (like x and y) that can multiply together to form a new expression or value. Understanding factors is crucial for tasks such as factoring polynomials and simplifying algebraic expressions.