What does the term "relation" refer to in mathematics?

In mathematics, the term "relation" refers to a connection between two sets of values, often represented through a set of ordered pairs. Specifically, in the context of database theory, a relation can be understood as a way to establish links between two tables based on a shared characteristic, such as a common value or attribute. This relationship allows for complex interactions between the tables, enabling us to query combined information from both.

Option B accurately captures this idea, highlighting that a relation is fundamentally centered around establishing connections or links between different sets of data (i.e., tables) based on specific equations or conditions. This foundational knowledge of relations is essential for further studies in mathematics and computer science, particularly in fields like database management and data analysis, where relational databases are a standard.

The other options focus on different mathematical concepts. A method for solving equations is more about algebraic techniques rather than relationships between sets. A geometric representation of a function refers specifically to how functions can be visualized on a graph, which is not what defines a relation. Lastly, a numerical sequence describes a specific ordered list of numbers, which does not encompass the broader concept of relations in mathematics.