In which situation is the concept of factorization used?

The concept of factorization is primarily used to break down composite numbers into their prime factors. This process involves expressing a composite number as a product of its prime factors, which is essential in various areas of mathematics, including number theory and algebra. Factorization allows one to analyze the structure of numbers more deeply, making it possible to simplify expressions, solve equations, and understand the relationships between numbers.

For instance, when factoring the composite number 18, one can express it as 2 × 3 × 3, or 2 × 3². This representation highlights the prime components that make up 18. Factorization is a crucial tool in mathematics because it helps simplify fractions, find least common multiples, and solve polynomial equations, among other applications.

In contrast, summarizing data involves organizing and presenting information in a meaningful way, determining prime status is about identifying whether a number is prime or composite without breaking it down, and finding the sum of numbers involves arithmetic calculations that do not require factorization. Thus, the correct answer focuses specifically on the use of factorization to decompose composite numbers.